Pneumatic tire.



l s. DICKINSON.

PNEUMATIC TIRE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1. I915. RENEWED- lUNE 25,1917.

1 ,235,963 Patented Aug. 7, 1917.

witnesses; 4 gww/wboz 'FREDBIGK S. DIGKIN'SON, 9F YORK, N. Y.

, -rtmunarrc ties.

Application filed September 1, 1915, Serial No.

To' all whom it may concern Be it known'that I, FREDRICK S. DioKl fsobyla citizen of the United States, and resident of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new the length of cord is i a continuous length of cord-which is turned 7 and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tires, of which the following is a specification. 7

This invention relates to pneumatic tires of that class in which the internal body fabric of the shoe'or casing is of the cord type, and it has particular relation to improved means for anchoring the cord body fabric at the bead or selvage edges thereof. In the usual construction of cord tires,

looped or turned parallel to'the annulus of the tire at the bead edge thereof and the portion of the cords extending from saidloops are carried over the circumference of the tire at the side and tread portions thereof, and the anchoring of the cords at the bead edge has usually been dependent upon, merely the vulcanization by whichthe cord fabric is amalgamated with the shoe or casing or the turns or loops of the cord parallel to the annulus of the tire at the bead edge have been passedaround hooks or staples positioned. laterally with relation to the annulus of the tire and embedded in the bead, Such vconstructions do not maintainthe required tension on the cords, owing to the tendency of the latter to assume their natural length, which action ensues by reason of the fact that the first heatof' the vulcanizing process softens the, rubber compounds sufficiently to permit slippage in the length of the cords. It is therefore desirable that a secure and per-.

,nrianent anchoring means be provided which will effectively I and at all times maintain thelaid cords at their normal tension.

Myfinvention is particularly adapted for employment in relation to the improved type If cord tire which is shown in my co-v. pe d b 1 a pl c which the cord body fabric is constituted by ,or' looped at the bead edge at an angle to theannulus of thetir at said turnIor. loop and spread or diverge therefrom in a gradual and continuous poe' sitional relationship which, the under por non of the length of cord gradually emerges, i from beneath ,the upper portion :and I said;

under. and upper portions relatively spread and extend over the space area of the varia- Specificatio-n of Letters Patent.

Serial. No. 110,213, in"

and laid over itself Patented Aug-31,1917;

48,401. Renewed June 25, 19%. Serial No. 176,779.

the type of cord tire to which y improlled anchoring means are related, reference may be had to the co-pending'application above noted. i

The object of my invention is to provide an improved ancl'iorim; means for the turned or looped length of cord at the bead edge, which will be extremely simple in construction and the number of parts employed, which will effectively and securely maintain the cords at all times at normal tension, which will enable the laying" and looping of the length of cord and its attachment with relation to the anchoring bead ring in a rapid and economical operation, and which will furthermore possess ad vantages in point of security, inexpensiveness, effectiveness, and general efficiency.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved anchoring means whereby the selvage or bead edge of the cord body fabric will be securely held against all liability of release of the tension during the process of making the tire, during vulcanization or curing, or when in operative use thereafter.

of the cords A further object of my invention isto provide an improved anchoring v means whereby the replacement of broken cords may be effected without the necessity of tearing or cutting and the resultant necessity .of rebuilding through the original bead the bead, and which will enable fh'ela'ying n of any. replaced cords under thesameten-' sion as was maintained in; the original cords, and to these ends my improvements comprise detachable or D separable means carried by the m'ambead ring,

to Which detach L able means the cords are directly conn ec'te'd,

substantially as hereinafter described,

My invention thus comprises a reinforce ingibead ring and; inextensihleuanphorin means inserted upon onfattachably can nected with the bead ring'an'd securingthe i selvage edge loops of thecoi'd,

lnthe'drawingsf detail os -sweet? Figure; 1 is a to the construcm'on shown in Flg- 1, the

f the d I bead ring and anchoring me ns, fl show i ng 'f the cord loops as. anchored to thering'qby j means of theeyelets.

Fig. 2 is a detail .plan view 'ofa' section] or segment of the periphery of theL'bead; 1 10 ring and anchoring means, corresponding anchoring eyelets being shown in the va-- rioussuccessive positions to which they are brought in their ofiice' of securing the cord loops, but the cords not being illustrated.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the construction indicated in Fig. 2, illustrating likewise the various positions to which the. eyelets are -ply cord body fabric, in which the cord lengths of the respectiveplies are laid at 7 reverse angles and extend obliquely to the of the tire,

transverse or segmental cross-sectional plane but it will be understood that the anchoring means may be adapted to the employment of a single ply cord fabric or to the employment of multiples of the twoply construction. It will also be understood that in all constructions of the improved anchoring means the bead ring and the anchoring eyelets to which the cord loops are connected are all embedded in the bead of the tire andserve the oflice of a reinforce therefor.

In the practical construction of the cord body fabric, and the anchoring thereof according to my invention, the length of cord is laid over a suitable core or mandrel or.

former, atan angle thereto, under any desired tension, and turned or looped upon itself at its selvage or bead edges (for instance, in. the manner set forth in myt-copending application above referred to). The anchoring eyelets are then engaged with the cord loop and brought to position to securely anchor the cord at its loop to the bead ring and thusinsure the maintenance of uniform tension in each lay of the cord and throughout its entire length as the cord is laid and the successive eyelets are placed in position. The entire operation of laying and anchoring the cords in the manner just set forth. is accomplished by means of a mechanism which constitutes the subjcct matter of aseparate application for patent. It will be understood that, in the laying and anchoring of two plies according to my invention as herein set forth, the underply is first completely laid and anchored, and the next succeeding and overlying ply is correspondingly completely laid and anchored.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a metallic'bead ring, which is of annular or hoop shape conforming to the annulus of the tire and constitutes-the base element of plies as laid at reverse ring is preferably flattened, to present plane under and upper surfaces, as at 6, which surface is best adapted for the bearing of In its the eyelets which are mounted upon the ring and to whichthe bead-edge loops of the length of laid cord constituting the. cord body fabric are directly connected. The

bead ring'rthus serves as an inextensible anchor base forthe looped edges of the cord body fabric which are secured in connection with the ring by the intermediate anchoring eyelets.

4 designates the anchoring eyelets, which are of metal and may be preferably formed of suitable bent wire. In contour, the eyelet comprises a main or body portion which constitutes an eye and straddles or bridges the bead ring 1, so that the latter is within .the eyelet, and from said body portion extend stems, as at 5, which project at opposite sides of the bead ring above the periphery thereof and which are turned or bent to form side eyes with which the loops of the cord are engaged.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that when the-length of cord is laid with the looped ends resting upon the bead rings, and the eyelets are engaged with the loops and mounted upon the ring, the relative positions are such that the main portion orbody-eye of the eyelets which engages under and straddles the bead ring is at an angle or transverse to the annulus of the tire, the cordsecurin'g eyes of the stems 5-5 of the eyelets are in position parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the bead-edge loops of the length. of'cord are at an angle or transverse to the annulus of the tire and parallel to the main or body portion of the eyelets.

The anchoringeyelets are positioned upon the bead ring 1 in series and equi-distantly, the intervening space between the eyelet-s being determined by the thickness,

fsecuring eye between which andthe bead ring the cordloop is securely'retained. The turned or twistedends are of proper length v or body-eye of igasaeee to f orln, in .p,roducing the securingeye just 7 the cord loops and'with relation to two layersof cord fabric. The initial position is represented at a, in which the terminal ends of the stems 5-5. of the eyelets are both bent or turned so that they are projective in the same direction and in line with the'main portion or body-eye which extends under and across the bead ring 1 and transverse tothe annillus of the tire. In the position just described, the terminal end at the inner side of the eyelet projects outwardly over the bead ring and a proper distance above thelatter to accommodate the thickness of the cord loop which is engaged between said end and the periphery of the ring, and the'terminal end at the outer. side of the eyelet projects outwardly beyond the side of the bead ring. Then, when the loop of the cord of the under ply is engaged-with said projecting inner terminal end of the eyelet, the end is turned or twisted toa position in which it is parallel to the bead ring 1 and parallel to the annulus of the tire, which position is indicated at 6, and when the loop of the cord of the overlying ply is engaged. with the projecting outer terminal end of the eyelet said end is turned or twisted to a position parallel to the bead ring 1 and parallel to the annulus of the tire but in a direction opposite to that at which the inner turned or twisted end of the eyelet projects, which latter position is indicated at '0. Under the construction and arrange ment just described, in which the eyelets are positioned for anchoring two layers of cord fabric, it will be noted that the terminal turned ends-of the stems 5-5 of the eyelets respectively provide an inner and outer series of side eyes, each series being parallel to the bead ring -1 and parallel to the annulus of the tire, by which the looped ends of the cord of the respective under and overlying plies are retained at approximately right angles to the annulusof the tire and substantially in line with the main portion the eyelet which is transverse to the head ring-and atan angle to the annulu oflthe t r -5 Y a v fiIt will be understoodv that in the. laying of two pliesg as {above set forth, the under plyis-i first completely laid up, and anchored by turning -or itWisting the inner" proj ectmg terminal end. of the stem the-position above described and around the selvageredgejloop of the cord, and the next succeeding :and overlying ply is then correspondingly. laid; and anchored inthe same manner by turning-the-outer terminal end Iha've illustrated the various 'successivepositions to which the anchoring eyelets are brought in their ofiice of securing under portion of the length of cord gradu- 5 of. the eyelets to.

of thestem 5 of the eyelets in an opposite d rect on and to the position above described, 111 WhlCh anchored positions the side eyes of the eyeletssecurely bind or'retain the loop of the cord between the turned or bent i ter:- "I

minal endsof the eyelets and the periphery of the bead ring 1, as shown in Figs. 1 and; 3, the length of cord,'7, of the respective plies passing under and through the eye which is formed by the terminal end of one eyelet and the next adjoining eyelet and laying over itself at the loop, 8, from which it spreads or diverges in a gradual and con tinuous positional relationship, so that the ally emerges from beneaththe upper portion thereof and said under and upperportions relatively spread and extend over the progressive variable circumference of the tire in the laid position as set forth in my co-pending application above noted. As further shown in Fig. 3, the respective plies are laid at reverse angles obliquely or diagonally with relation to the transverse or segmental cross-sectional plane of the tire; Under some preferred conditions of con- 'struction, the bead ring 1 may have aflexible character, in lieu of being formed of metal of solid-cross-section or of wire or sheet.

metal; for instance, it may beconstituted by a metallic or textile cable, or of twisted wire or textile material, or a combination of both metallic and textile materiaL In Fig. 4: I have illustrated the bead portion of a completed tire, showing the -embedded position of my improved anchoring means and the looped cords at the selvage edge of the cord body fabric after the cords have been laid in the manner hereinbefore set forth and anchored in relation to the bead ring and the 'anchored' structureoina 1 corporated in the tire shoe or casing before the vulcanizing process.

The advantages of my invention and the operation of laying the cord fabric and an 'iiu choring the loops of the cords at the salvage edge thereof will be readily understood by i those skilled in the art to which my improvements appertain. In the improved construc;

tion the cords are laced through the anchoring eyelets, with their loops passing through the terminal-end eyes thereof at an angletothe annulus of the tire and'in line with j the main portion or body-eye of the eyelet, which is also at an angle to the annulus of the tire,-the terminal-end eyes, of the eyelets being approximately parallel to the annulus of, the tire and thus substantially at right anglesto the/1 p, which the cord lays over itself and to the mainportion on body- 1 eye of the eyeletwhich extends transversely across and under the bead ring. j

I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the detail construction and arrangement of parts as herein shown 1% described, as it is manifest that variations and modifications therein may be resorted to, in the adaptation of my invention to varying conditions of use, Without depart ing from the spirit and scope of my inven-- tion and improvements; I therefore reserve the right to all such variations and modifications as properly fall Within the scope of my invention and the termsof the follow ing claims. a

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent: 1. In anchoring means for the cord body 'fabricof tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the portions of t'he eyelets and laid over itself 7 at said loop at an angle to the annulus of ring member in line with the annulus of the I i the tire.-

2. 1n anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead tire, eyelet members carried by the bead ring and straddling or bridging the same and having their terminal ends forming eyes or securing portions positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length-of cord turned or looped under sa d ecuring portions of the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

3. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet members carried by the bead ring and having a main portion straddling or bridging the same transversely of the annulus of the tire and terminal ends forming eyes or securing portions positioned ap proximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, and the length of cord turned or looped under said securing, portions of the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

4:. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet members carried by the bead ring member in spaced series and hav ng their terminal ends in projective position approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire thespaced position being such that said on of one eyelet in conjunction With the next adjoining eyelet forms substantially a closure or securing eye, and the length of cord turned or looped. through said securing-eyes and laid over itself. at.

said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire. I i

5. In anchorlng'means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, eyelet members having their securing eyes or por tions positioned approximately parallel to theannulus of the tire, a base anchorage Securing and carrying said eyelet members in relative position," and the length of cord turned or looped under said securing portions of the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

6. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, eyelet members comprising a body loop or eye positioned transversely of the annulus of the -tire and having their terminal ends forming eyes or securing vportions positioned approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, a base anchorage securing and carrying said eyel'et members in relative position, and the length of cord turned or looped under said securing portions of the eyelets and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

7. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, eyelet members in spaced series and having their terminal ends in projective position approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire,

the spaced position being such that said end 7 of one eyelet in conjunction with the next adjoining eyelet forms substantially a closure or securing eye, a base anchorage securing and carrying said eyelet members in said spaced. and relative position, and the length of cord turned or looped through said securing eyes and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

8. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet members carried by the bead ring member and having their terminal ends turned in reverse directions and in projective position approximately parallel to. the annulus of the tire to form reversely-directed securing portions or eves, and the length of cord of respective plies of the cord body fabric turned or looped under said securing ends of the eyelets which are projective-in the same direction and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.v v

9. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of-tires of the cord 1 type, a bead ring member in line Wltlltll annulus of the tire, eyelet members in series and stradthe same direction and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

10. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires obthe cord type, a bead ring member in line with the annulus of the tire, eyelet members carried by the bead rin member in spaced series and having their terminal ends in reverse projective position approximately parallel to the annulus of the tire, the spaced position being such that said end of one eyelet in conjunction with the next adjoining eyelet forms substantially a closure or securing eye, and the length of cord of respective plies of the cord body fabric turned or looped under said securing ends of the eyelets which are projective in the same direction and laid over itself at said loop at an angle to the annulus of the tire.

11. In anchoring means for the cord body fabric of tires of the cord type, an anchor base comprising'eyelet members in series and having their securing portions or eyes positioned approm'matel'y parallel to the annulus of the tire, and a bead-member extending in parallel relationship to the annulus of the tire and securing and carrying said eyelet members in series and in relative position.

In testimony whereof I havesigned the foregoing specifications.

FREDRICK S. DICKINSON. 

